Though the route of tuberculosis infection is respiratory, and the main symptoms are usually respiratory, tuberculosis bacteria can spread to and infect other parts of the body, such as the bones and brain. Untreated active tuberculosis disease can be fatal.
This figure is much higher, however, when a person also has human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection. Active TB infection is more deadly for very young children, too. They are more likely to have serious complications from TB such as TB meningitis infection of the lining surround the brain. In , 9. About 1. The vaccine does not protect children from pulmonary disease caused by TB bacteria, nor does it prevent latent TB infection from progressing to active disease.
It does, however, prevent some serious TB complications in children, such as TB meningitis. The vaccine is generally not used in adults, and the vaccine in children does not prevent spread of the disease. The BCG vaccine has been in use since Many researchers are working to develop a more effective tuberculosis vaccine. The hope is to develop a vaccine that prevents infection with tuberculosis, which would reduce the great burden of disease global and also reduce transmission of the TB bacteria.
Infants with HIV infection are not recommended to get the vaccine. In countries with very few cases of TB, infants may be recommended to take the vaccine if they are likely to be exposed to TB, such as by living in a home with an adult with active TB infection.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Basic TB facts. Straetemans, M. Assessing tuberculosis case fatality ratio: a meta-analysis. PLoS One, ;6 6 , e World Health Organization. Childhood tuberculosis. Position paper on BCG vaccine. Tuberculosis fact sheet. Updated January Tuberculosis vaccine development. Robert Koch announced his discovery of the agent that causes tuberculosis.
Today it is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis was a widespread, deadly disease in the s. As Koch said when he presented his findings,. If one only considers the productive middle-age groups, tuberculosis carries away one-third, and often more. In Koch would win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis.
BCG vaccination for tuberculosis has never been recommended for routine use in the United States. It is, however, frequently used for children in countries where risk of TB infection is high. Three tuberculosis vaccines are currently licensed in the United States. The Advisory Council on Immunization Practices recommends them only for children and certain health care workers who have a high risk of infection with TB because of ongoing or frequent exposure to TB.
Reports of the effectiveness of BCG for tuberculosis immunization vary greatly, though efficacy seems to be best in younger people. It is widely used in countries where the disease burden of TB is high. The World Health Organization states,. BCG vaccine has a documented protective effect against meningitis and disseminated TB in children. It does not prevent primary infection and, more importantly, does not prevent reactivation of latent pulmonary infection, the principal source of bacillary spread in the community.
The impact of BCG vaccination on transmission of [tuberculosis] is therefore limited. Find out more about tuberculosis TB. It's given on the NHS only when a child or adult is thought to have an increased risk of coming into contact with TB. If the BCG vaccine is recommended for your baby, it will usually be offered at about 28 days old.
This may be offered at a hospital, a local healthcare centre or, occasionally, at your GP surgery. BCG vaccination may also be recommended for older children who have an increased risk of developing TB, such as:.
BCG vaccination is rarely given to anyone over the age of 16 because there is little evidence it works very well in adults. But it's given to adults aged 16 to 35 who are at risk of TB through their work, such as some healthcare workers, veterinary staff and abattoir workers. If you're offered BCG vaccination as an adult, it will usually be arranged through your local occupational health department.
Find out more about who should have the BCG vaccine. Because the bacteria in the vaccine is weak, it triggers the immune system to protect against the infection but does not give you TB. This publication is provided for education and information purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical care. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not imply endorsement and is not intended to replace advice from your healthcare professional.
Readers should note that over time currency and completeness of the information may change. All users should seek advice from a qualified healthcare professional for a diagnosis and answers to their medical questions. Skip to navigation Skip to main content Site map Accessibility Contact us. Search this site Search all sites Search. Go to whole of WA Government Search. Open search bar Open navigation Submit search. Healthy living. Facebook Youtube Twitter.
It is injected between the layers of skin on the upper arm near the shoulder by a Registered Nurse who has been trained in providing the vaccination.
Is the vaccine safe? In most circumstances the vaccine is safe.
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