After the outbreak of war with Austria and the so-called Second Revolution in , Robespierre successfully argued for the King's execution. In the Spring of , France faced a series of problems that would have broken any other power. A coalition of European armies threatening the border, food riots in Paris, a peasant revolt in the southwest, the City of Lyon in rebellion and the Mediterranean naval base at Toulon surrendered to the British.
A Committee of Safety was formed and by summer it was led by Robespierre, but for the first time since Louis XIV, France had a government determined to rule. Leading the Committee was Maximilien Robespierre, a north country lawyer turned radical politician. He faced a set of daunting challenges. A coalition of European armies were massed on the border determined to crush the Revolution. Peasants were in revolt, the City of Lyon had rebelled and the Mediterranean naval base at Toulon had been surrendered to the British.
To deal with the external threat, the Committee called the entire nation to arms, the so-called levee en masse. By , men were under arms, dwarfing and defeating enemy armies. The peasants were suppressed and Lyon retaken with brutal tactics.
In the south, a young artillery officer, Napoleon Bonaparte, recaptured the Toulon naval base and at 23 was promoted to brigadier general and his first taste of national acclaim. To rid the country of internal dissent the Committee instituted the Reign of Terror.
Aristocrats, uncooperative priests, monarchist politicians, unsuccessful generals, anyone too moderate or not extreme enough had their necks shaved by the guillotine. The Roman comes was originally a household companion of the emperor, while under the Franks he was a local commander and judge.
The Third Estate, which had the most representatives, declared itself the National Assembly and took an oath to force a new constitution on the king. Table of Contents. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits.
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We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In the aftermath of the coup, the Committee of Public Safety lost its authority, the prisons were emptied, and the French Revolution became decidedly less radical.
The Directory that followed saw a return to bourgeois values, corruption, and military failure. In , the Directory was overthrown in a military coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte , who wielded dictatorial powers in France as first consul and, after , as French emperor.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The jet engine would ultimately revolutionize the airline industry, shrinking air travel time in half by enabling planes to climb faster and fly At the University of Toronto, Canadian scientists Frederick Banting and Charles Best successfully isolate insulin—a hormone they believe could prevent diabetes—for the first time.
Within a year, the first human sufferers of diabetes were receiving insulin treatments, and The bombing, which occurred during a free concert, killed a mother who had brought her daughter to hear the rock music and injured more than Nixon, be impeached and removed from office. The impeachment proceedings resulted from a series of political scandals involving the Nixon administration that came to be Adam John Walsh, age 6, is abducted from a mall in Hollywood, Florida, and later found murdered.
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